SCADA system?

It is a control system that collects data from industrial processes, typically over a wide area, often for monitoring and control.

It can include hardware and software for gathering data, transmitting the data across a network, and displaying the data on operator screens.

This system connects sensors and remote servers to control equipment such as pumps and motors. The acronym SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition.

How does it work?

A typical SCADA system includes a central computer that collects data from numerous field devices, such as sensors and controllers. Then the data is processed and displayed on a human-machine interface (HMI), which allows operators to monitor the process and make changes as necessary.

Using logic-based rules, operators can select the completion of specific tasks or the beginning of others to maintain the desired output at the remote site. That can be everything from regulating a power plant to overseeing a water filtration system.

Sometimes, the HMI may also be used to issue alarms or take automated action in response to certain conditions.

While SCADA systems have been in use for many years, technological advances have made them increasingly sophisticated and capable of integrating with other systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP). As a result, the system plays an increasingly important role in operating industrial facilities worldwide.

How SCADA Works
SCADA system components

The key components include:
The field devices

Field devices are input devices such as sensors, valves, and actuators that collect data from the process being monitored or controlled. Both devices are controlled and monitored by field controllers.
Field controllers

The control room operator interface equipment allows the operator to view process data and issue commands to the field devices. Controllers use algorithms to process data from field devices and make decisions on controlling operations in the field.
Two types of controllers are there.

Remote terminal units (RTUs) – These individual devices scattered around the plant or facility collect data from sensors and then relay that information back to the master station.
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) – These devices interface with the actuators (controllers) to control processes.